These layers average about 1,100 to 1,250 million years old and consist of the following:

• Cardenas Lavas

  This dark brown layer is composed of basaltic lava flows.

• Dox Sandstone

  This layer averages about 1,190 million years old, is composed of sandstone interbedded with shale, and occurs primarily in the eastern regions of the Canyon. Its color varies from red to orange and its fossil record contains stromatolites and algae.

• Shinumo Quartzite

  This layer averages about 1,200 million years old and is composed of sandstone. This layer is only exposed in a few sections in the Canyon. Its color can be deep red, brown, purple or white.

• Hakatai Shale

  This layer averages about 1,200 million years old and is composed primarily of shale with some sandstone. The color is a very bright orange-red red and is the layer that gives Red Canyon its name.

• Bass Formation

  This layer averages about 1,250 million years old and is composed primarily of limestone with some interbedded shale. It is greyish in color and its fossil record consists of stromatolites.

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